Loughborough student to protect tube travellers with wearable purifier

In underground train environments, PM2.5 levels often exceed the World Health Organization’s defined limits. PM2.5 refers to particulate matter less than 2.5µm in size – about 30 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair.

These tiny particles are of concern as they can penetrate deep into the lungs, and some may even get into the bloodstream. Breathing in unhealthy levels of PM2.5 has been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cognitive impairments.

Wheel, track, and brake abrasion are often the primary sources of particulate matter in underground train environments, generating iron-rich particles that pollute the air. Poor ventilation in platforms and tunnels exacerbates the problem, exposing commuters to high levels of particulates during their journeys.

Mia Patterson Cox first became aware of the pollution problem during her placement year in London as she frequently used underground trains to get to different places.

“I often thought about the hot stuffy environment and would be concerned when I found dust around my nostrils after travelling on underground trains,” said Patterson Cox. 

“It made me feel uneasy about the time I spent in the network, prompting me to explore the problem of pollution.

“I wanted to create a product that will increase commuter and passengers’ health confidence when travelling underground by removing iron-rich particles in the air.”

Patterson Cox designed Aerate to create a clean bubble of breathable air around a user's face. It features two fans and Spunbond Polypropylene (SBPP) filters. The fans draw air in, and the filters catch particles as small as 2.5µm.

The fans propel purified air in front of the user's face at 5,500 rotations per minute. This continuous flow creates a protective barrier against harmful particles during underground travel, said Patterson Cox.

Aerate aims to enhance air quality not only for the wearer, but for other commuters too.

Patterson Cox explained: "I purposely didn’t want to create a product that benefited only the users. By continuously filtering out iron particles and other pollutants, Aerate contributes to a healthier environment for all passengers travelling on underground trains.”

In addition to the wearable product, Patterson Cox has designed an Aerate app that connects to a particle sensor within the device, providing live data readings on particle exposure.

This app also tells users when it is time to change their filters, which are effective for up to 40 hours of use.

Patterson Cox envisions the app being used to help users plan low-pollution journeys by leveraging aggregated data contributed anonymously by Aerate owners.

This data will offer insights into total particle exposure, identify pollution hot spots, and suggest routes that minimise exposure while optimising speed, convenience, and cost-effectiveness for commuters.

A prototype of the Aerate wearable has been developed, featuring adjustable fan heads, albeit without integrated electronics at this stage.

Patterson Cox has conducted extensive rounds of experience prototyping using handheld fans and flour as a substitute for small particles. These tests illustrate Aerate's capability to shield users effectively from airborne particles, showcasing its potential effectiveness in real-world scenarios.

Of the ultimate goal for her product, Patterson Cox said: "Without Aerate, respiratory conditions can be aggravated, hindering people from reaching their full potential.

"I aim to pave the way for a safer travel experience on underground trains, promoting health and confidence among users and commuters alike."